Aqa combined science past papers 2020. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.

Aqa combined science past papers 2020 November 2020 AQA Physics GCSE (9-1) Past Papers (8463) (Labelled as June 2020) Paper 1 – Physics - Foundation (8463/1F) Download Paper - Download Marking Scheme. Wednesday 20 May 2020 Afternoon . Paper 1 Biology – Higher (8461/1H) Download Paper – Download Mark Scheme. . AQA GCSE Combined Science, June 2020 (taken in November 2020) Foundation. Always leave some past papers to complete closer to the exam to complete without your books and under timed conditions to develop your exam technique COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY . If you're taking Combined Science: Trilogy then you need either 1H and 2H for Higher Tier, or 1F and 2F for Foundation Tier. 6 KB) Functional Skills – Levels 1 and 2 (77. 8 KB) Applied General (74. Get 1 OXFORD REVISE AQA COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY HIGHER. 8. GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY 8464/B/1F Biology Paper 1F Mark scheme June 2022 Version: 1. 24/03/2023 AS/A Level 2022 Oct/Nov papers added! Find past papers and mark schemes for AQA exams, and specimen papers for new courses. Exercise for 10 minutes. Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) English Language (8700) We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Business (including Economics) Chemistry. Get 1 For this paper you must have: •a ruler •a scientific calculator •the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). A-level、Alevel、GCSE、IGCSE、IB、AP、拍照搜题、拍照搜答案、自动组题、国际课程、国际教育、国际学校、国际考试 Download Insert for all Papers . [Turn over] H Past exam papers, mark schemes, model answers and video solutions for AQA Science GCSE (8464) Physics Paper 1 Wednesday 10 June 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . 24/03/2023 AS/A Level 2022 Oct/Nov papers added! Prepare for your exams with the help of AQA Past Papers as revision aids and teachings resources. Trilogy. At the top of the page mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/b/1f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/c/2f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant Monday 1 June 2020 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/2f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 68 50. March 2020 exams. 3. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. GCSE Combined Science covers the basics of all three sciences in one qualification, while GCSE Triple Science covers each science in more depth, leading to three separate qualifications in biology, chemistry, and physics. NB: Get whole Past Papers from AQA site here. Find past papers and mark schemes to help you prepare for exams. Thursday 14 May 2020 Morning . November 2020 Paper 6: Physics 2 (1SC0/2PH) – Higher Tier Download Paper – Download Marking Scheme. Homeostasis and response. Includes exam papers and mark schemes organised by year. •Answer all questions in the spaces provided. AQA GCSE Past Papers November 2020. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE SYNERGY – 8465/4F – JUNE 2020 . Foundation Tier Question paper (Modified A4 18pt) (Foundation) : Paper 1 Physics - November 2020 Author: AQA Subject: Science; Physics Prepare for your exams with the help of AQA Past Papers as revision aids and teachings resources. Biology. Accounting; Agriculture; Arabic; Art And Design; Biology; Business; Chemistry; Combined Science; Computer Science; Economics; English – First Language; English As A Second Language(ESL) English Literature; Environmental Management; Subjects F –> Z. Specification. As these papers are aligned to the AQA Combined Science specification, please note there may be content or contexts not included in the OxfordAQA specification. • Answer . 0 Final *206G84611H/MS* COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Higher Tier Biology Paper 1H 8464/B/1H Tuesday 12 May 2020 Afternoon . Functional Skills – Levels 1 and 2 (150. Browse our range of Edexcel GCSE Science Past Papers and Mark Schemes below. •Answer Past Papers . GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY 8464/C/2H Chemistry Paper 2H Mark scheme June 2021 Version: 1. Drama. First Language Spanish November 2020 AQA Biology (9-1) Past Papers (8461) (Labelled as June 2020) Paper 1 Biology – Foundation (8461/1F) Download Paper – Download Mark Scheme. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Foundation Tier Biology Paper 1F 8464/B/1F. Always leave some past papers to complete closer to the exam to complete without your books and under timed conditions to develop your exam technique Wednesday 10 June 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . GCSE Combined Science Trilogy Predicted Papers and Mark Schemes for 2025. Design and Technology. For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator • the periodic table (enclosed). The above papers are labelled June 2020 . [2 marks] mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/1h – june 2021 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant November 2020 Paper 6: Physics 2 (1SC0/2PF) – Foundation Tier Download Paper – Download Marking Scheme. 5. [Turn over] H. If you take Triple Science Physics then you need Physics 1H and 2H, or 1F and 2F. 0 Final Mark Scheme *226g8464b1f/MS* mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/1h – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant For this paper you must have: •a ruler •a scientific calculator •the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). 01. Topic Mark Scheme; Cell Division 1: GCSE Past Papers (AQA) AQA GCSE Maths . Testing yourself with GCSE Physics past papers is a great way to identify which topics need more revision, so you can ensure that you are revising as effectively as possible to help you get ready for your GCSE Physics exam. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third Biology Paper 1 2020 (Foundation) Biology Paper 1 2019 (Higher) AQA Combined Science Exam Papers New Specification (9-1) 2021 Exam Papers NEW Exam Papers. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permissionto schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/1h – june 2018 Step 1: Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets MARK SCHEME – COMBINED SCIENCE PHYSICS PAPER 1H – SPECIMEN MATERIAL SPECIMEN MATERIAL 5of 14 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/2h – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant 📌 Update(s): 11 Jan 2024 NEW! May / June 2023 and Oct / Nov 2023 past papers are updated. Key steps are identified and logically sequenced. 2 The paper clip in Figure 10 is not a permanent magnet. Paper 2 – Chemistry - Foundation (8462/2F) Past exam papers, mark schemes, model answers and video solutions for AQA Science GCSE (8464) Biology Paper 1 mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/1f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant ©AQA 2025 | Company number: 03644723 | Registered office: Devas Street, Manchester, M15 6EX | AQA is not responsible for the content of external sites. 8464/P/1H . Information to Examiners . Computer Science. Table 1 shows the results. Paper 2 Biology – Foundation (8461/2F) Download Paper – Download Mark Scheme AQA GCSE Biology AQA Past Papers November 2020. Pencil should only be used for drawing. Friday 12 June 2020 Morning . Cell biology AQA GCSE Past Papers June 2020 Wednesday 10 June 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . •Pencil should be used for drawing. 0. Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) English Language (8700) 5 *05* Turn over IB/M/Jun19/8464/P/1H Do not write outside the 0 2 box. Other Names This section includes recent GCSE exam past papers for many GCSE subjects. Testing yourself with GCSE Biology past papers is a great way to identify which topics need more revision, so you can ensure that you are revising as effectively as possible to help you get ready for your GCSE Biology exam. Boundaries are set after exams have been completed and papers have been marked. Organisation. Topical 2020 - 2019. [Turn over] H A Feb 11, 2021 · AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered inEngland and Wales (number 3644723). June 2019 Pearson Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Past Exam Papers 9- 1 (1CH0) AQA GCSE (9-1) Chemistry (8462) past exam papers and marking schemes, the past papers are free for you to use as practice for your exams. For the chemistry papers you will need the periodic AQA GCSE Combined Science past paper grade boundaries Trilogy June 2018. For the chemistry papers you will need the AQA GCSE Combined Science past paper grade boundaries Trilogy June 2018. Prepare for your exams with the help of AQA Past Papers as revision aids and teachings resources. Cell biology AQA GCSE Past Papers June 2020 Topical 2020 - 2019. Advertisement 9-1 GCSEs (UK) AQA AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/b/2f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Download past papers and mark schemes for GCSE Science. This notice is to alert you to the injunction, so that you are aware of it and can make submissions We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Higher Tier Physics Paper IH Wednesday 20 May 2020 Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler a scientific calculator Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes For Examiner's Use Question Mark the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). 2 Question paper (Higher) : Paper 1 Chemistry - June 2023 Author: AQA Subject: Science; Chemistry COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Foundation Tier Biology Paper 2F 8464/B/2F . 0 Final *236G8464/P/1H/MS* Answering past papers is a great way to help you identify those areas that still need more work, so use them during your revision process as a diagnostic tool. Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) Introduction; Specification at a glance; Planning resources; Teaching resources; Assessment resources; Key dates Past papers and mark schemes for AQA, CIE, Edexcel, OCR, Eduqas and WJEC A-levels, International A-levels, GCSEs and IGCSEs scientist investigated the effect of exercise on the breathing rate of four people. Past Papers. The most recent past papers are always locked for teacher use only, so these will not be published when they are available to everyone. English Language. 6. Monday 1 June 2020 Afternoon . Cell biology AQA GCSE Past Papers June 2020 Download Periodic table for all papers . Biology Paper 1, Foundation. Try the papers in timed conditions, then mark them using the mark scheme. For further information, email eos@aqa. AQA Education has obtained an injunction preventing interference with public examinations. Teachers should ensure they have mark scheme – gcse combined science: synergy – 8465/1f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant Aug 22, 2024 · 8525B COMPUTER SCIENCE OPT B (PYTHON) 180 152. 10 . Explain what would happen if the paper clip was removed and brought close to the south pole of the permanent magnet. AQA GCSE Science Past Papers Exam Specification. GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY 8464/P/1H Physics Paper 1H Mark scheme June 2023 Version: 1. Get 1 GCSE Science Paper walkthroughs for all AQA Exams (Triple and Trilogy) from 2018 onwards. 108 88. June 2017 OCR Gateway GCSE Science Past Papers (Science B J261 & J262) Science B –Modules B1, C1, P1 Foundation (B711/01) – Download Paper – Download Marking Scheme Science B –Modules B1, C1, P1 Higher (B711/02) – Download Paper – Download Marking Scheme AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. Cell biology. Increase your exam confidence with these AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy past papers. This notice is to alert you to the injunction, so that you are aware of it and can make submissions mark scheme – gcse combined science synergy – 8465/2f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Higher Tier Chemistry Paper 1H 8464/C/1H . The mark scheme for each question shows: • the marks available for each part of the question • the total marks available for the question • the typical answer or answers which are expected COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY . 6. Great preparation for your exams. General . 1 1 AQA GCSE Combined Science past paper grade boundaries Trilogy June 2018. Materials . However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permissionto schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Measure the resting breathing rate. Atomic structure and the periodic table. Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. 5 KB) January 2020 exams. Make sure you make a note of errors or things you got wrong so you don't make those mistakes again. 0 Final Mark Scheme *216g8464C2H/MS* AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/c/1f – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant Friday 12 June 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . Foundation. AQA Combined Science. Practicing past papers is a great way to revise for your GCSEs. [Turn over] Surname . Applied General (141. Browse our range of AQA GCSE Physics Past Papers and Mark Schemes below. 1. Get 1 View and download past papers for AQA’ s UK GCSE Combined Science qualification to test your students’ understanding of key areas of Science. Mark scheme. Subject Content for AQA Chemistry. 8465 Combined Science: Synergy (Foundation): Paper 1. Figure 10 0 6 . All of the following past exam papers were produced by AQA for the latest Combined Science specification. Here you’ll find recent AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy Foundation past papers and mark schemes to help you get through your exams for your Biology, Chemistry, and Physics papers. 0 KB) Browse our range of AQA GCSE Science Past Papers and Mark Schemes below. COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY . Tuesday 12 May 2020 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator. Measure the breathing rate as soon as exercise stops. Combined Science. Instructions •Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 2 Question paper (Higher) : Paper 1 Biology - November 2020 Author: AQA Subject: Science; Biology mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/b/1h – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant Thursday 14 May 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . • Pencil should only be used for drawing. June 2020. 8464/P/2F . 8465 tutorhao. Testing yourself with GCSE Science past papers is a great way to identify which topics need more revision, so you can ensure that you are revising as effectively as possible to help you get ready for your GCSE Science exam. MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/B/2H – JUNE 2020 7 Question Answers Extra information Mark AO / Spec. Here you’ll find recent AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy Higher past papers and mark schemes to help you get through your exams for your Biology, Chemistry, and Physics papers. GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/1H Paper 1 Higher Tier Mark scheme June 2020 Version: 1. Infection and response. This notice is to alert you to the injunction, so that you are aware of it and can make submissions COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Higher Tier Biology Paper 1H H . July 2023. org. For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator • the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). OXFORD REVISE AQA COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY FOUNDATION. At the top of the page, write your surname and other names, your centre number, your candidate number and add your signature. 0 KB) ELC (69. 140 128. Cell Biology. 4. 1 Level 2: The method would lead to the production of a valid outcome. Question paper. AQA GCSE Biology GCSE Combined Science Trilogy Predicted Papers and Mark Schemes for 2025. [Turn over] F A COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Higher Tier Biology Paper 1H 8464/B/1H. November 2020 AQA Chemistry (9-1) GCSE Past Papers (8462) (Labelled as June 2020) Paper 1 – Chemistry - Foundation (8462/1F) Download Paper - Download Marking Scheme. Time allowed: 1 hour 1 5 mi nutes . Summer 2020 exams. Paper 2 – Physics - Foundation (8463/2F) These are the past papers from the current AQA GCSE course. Bioenergetics. We also offer questions, notes and videos for this and many other subjects at our GCSE revision section. O Level (IGCSE) Subjects A –> E. Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter. •Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) English Language (8700) Past exam papers, mark schemes, model answers and video solutions for AQA Science GCSE (8464) Chemistry Paper 1 Mark scheme (Higher) : Paper 2 Physics - November 2020 - AQA MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY – 8465/2H – JUNE 2020 . • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Answering past papers is a great way to help you identify those areas that still need more work, so use them during your revision process as a diagnostic tool. Wednesday 20 May 2020 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes . Oxygen boils at –183 °C and freezes at –218 °C mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/p/2h – june 2022 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY Higher Tier Chemistry Paper 1H H. [Turn over] F A AQA GCSE Past Papers November 2020. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permissionto schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/b/1h – june 2023 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 5. mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/c/1h – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/c/2h – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant Monday 1 June 2020 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . Past Papers/CIE. Mark 📌 Update(s): 11 Jan 2024 NEW! May / June 2023 and Oct / Nov 2023 past papers are updated. Question Answers Mark AO / Spec. all AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. Click on the links below to go to the relevant subject's past papers, they are free to download. For this paper you must have: a ruler • a scientific calculator • the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator. 7. 5 KB) ELC (153. Tuesday 12 May 2020 Afternoon . Foundation Tier Physics Paper 2F. Great GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY 8464/B/2H Biology Paper 2H Mark scheme June 2022 Version: 1. Paper 1. Paper 1 – Physics - Higher (8463/1H) Download Paper - Download Marking Scheme. The mark scheme for each question shows: • the marks available for each part of the question • the total marks available for the question • the typical answer or answers which are expected MARK SCHEME – GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – 8464/C/1H – JUNE 2022 . 3– 4 AO3 4. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Record the time taken for the breathing rate to return to the resting rate. Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . Check below for the GCSE AQA exam board and see what was required in previous years for Biology, Chemistry and Physics. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. ©AQA 2025 | Company number: 03644723 | Registered office: Devas Street, Manchester, M15 6EX | AQA is not responsible for the content of external sites. uk GCSE Subject grade boundaries – June 2024 exams GCSE AQA Combined Science Questions Back to GCSE Revision. • Answer ©AQA 2025 | Company number: 03644723 | Registered office: Devas Street, Manchester, M15 6EX | AQA is not responsible for the content of external sites. Paper 1 – Chemistry - Higher (8462/1H) Download Paper - Download Marking Scheme. November 2020 Chemistry Paper 2 (1CH0/2H) – Higher Download Paper – Download Marking Scheme. 6 Figure 10 shows a paper clip being attracted to a permanent magnet. 9. Wednesday 20 May 2020 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . BIOLOGY PAPER 1 & 2 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 & 2 PHYSICS PAPER 1 & 2 COMBINED SCIENCE (total 140 marks) (total 140 marks) (total 140 marks) (total 420 marks) Subject Grade Higher Tier Foundation Tier Higher Tier Foundation Tier Higher Tier Foundation Tier Higher Tier Foundation Tier Combined Grade 9 66% 70% 70% 69% 9-9 64% 9-8 8 56% 61% 61% 60% 8-8 55 Prepare for your exams with the help of AQA Past Papers as revision aids and teachings resources. Grade boundaries weren't published for the summer 2020 series as exams didn't take place. English Literature. A Wednesday 20 May 2020 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . Biology Paper 1. Food Preparation Browse our range of AQA GCSE Biology Past Papers and Mark Schemes below. If you want practice questions per lesson or per topic, these are available via a subscription, which includes video lessons for the whole course, notes sheets and exam mark scheme – gcse combined science: trilogy – 8464/c/2h – june 2020 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant November 2020 Chemistry Paper 2 (1CH0/2F) – Foundation Download Paper – Download Marking Scheme. 0 Final Mark Scheme *226g8464b2h/MS* Mar 24, 2023 · The main difference between GCSE Combined Science and GCSE Triple Science is the level of depth in which each science subject is covered. 1. View Resource . For this paper you must have: • a protractor • a ruler • a scientific calculator • the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). • Answer Grade boundaries for your AQA Biology, Chemistry and Physics are not published before the exams take place. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Subject content for AQA Biology. Past exam papers and mark schemes for AQA, Edexcel, OCR and WJEC Science GCSEs and IGCSEs GCSE / IGCSE Combined Science Papers. Past exam papers, mark schemes, model answers and video solutions for AQA Science GCSE (8464) Physics Paper 2 AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. Ecology. Higher Tier Physics Paper 1H. Ref. Cell biology AQA GCSE Past Papers June 2020 Thursday 14 May 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . 10. Thursday 14 May 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes . 3 . Inheritance, variation and evolution. June 2019 Pearson Edexcel Combined Science Past Exam Papers (1SC0) June 2019 Paper 1 AQA GCSE Combined Science past paper grade boundaries Trilogy June 2018. 2. This is the method used. 3 The air also contained oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. uerzydg bbnh rlsw cxaxgd hkroc rbsdl xvbzq jgkbn cmrl qfa bqspx jojephu phlclk khoix wvzej